Eden growth model for aggregation of charged particles

The stochastic Eden model of charged particles aggregation in two-dimensional systems is presented. This model is governed by two parameters: screening length of electrostatic interaction, $\lambda$, and short range attraction energy, $E$. Different patterns of finite and infinite aggregates are observed. They are of following types of morphologies: linear or linear with bending, warm-like, DBM (dense-branching morphology), DBM with nucleus, and compact Eden-like. The transition between the different modes of growth is studied and phase diagram of the growth structures is obtained in $\lambda, E$ co-ordinates. The detailed aggregate structure analysis, including analysis of their fractal properties, is presented. The scheme of the internal inhomogeneous structure of aggregates is proposed.Comment: Revtex, 9 pages with 12 postscript figure

Deterministic growth model of Laplacian charged particle aggregates

The results of the computer simulation of the aggregates growth of the similarly charged particles in the framework of deterministic Laplacian growth model on a square lattice are presented. Cluster growth is controlled by three parameters ${p, E,\lambda}$, where $p$ - Laplacian growth parameter, $E$ - energy of a particle sticking to a cluster, $\lambda$ - the screening length of electrostatic interactions. The phase diagram of cluster growth is built in the co-ordinates ${E,\lambda}$. The zones of different cluster morphology are selected: I-the zone of finite X-like structures,II-the zone of infinite ramified structures, controlled by electrostatic interactions, III-the zone of infinite structures with electrostatic interactions effectively switched off. Simple electrostatic estimations of the locations of the zone boundaries are presented. It is shown that in general case within the zone II the continuous change of $D_f$, controlled by parameters ${p, E,\lambda}$, takes place. In the degeneration limit when the given model transforms into deterministic version of the Eden model (at $p=0$), the crossover from linear $(D_f=1)$ to compact $(D_f=2)$ structures is observed when passing through the boundary between the zones I and II.Comment: REVTEX, 3 pages with 4 postscript figure

The state and dynamics of nonprofit sector in Ukraine

У статті обґрунтовано економічне значення діяльності некомерційного сектору. Проаналізовано стан некомерційного сектору провідних економік світу та України. Емпірично доведено залежність всієї економічної системи від розвитку українських некомерційних організацій. В процесі дослідження застосовано кореляційний аналіз для виявлення зв’язку між загальним обсягом ВВП, ВВП на душу населення та ВВП некомерційних організацій, що обслуговують домашні господарства. Проаналізовано вплив некомерційного сектору на людський розвиток. Розраховано коефіцієнт кореляції між Індексом людського розвитку та валовим прибутком некомерційних організацій, а також середні мінімальні витрати некомерційного сектору України на людський розвиток, що необхідні для його максимізації.В статье обосновано экономическое значение деятельности некоммерческого сектора. Проанализировано состояние некоммерческого сектора ведущих экономик мира и Украины. Эмпирически доказана зависимость всей экономической системы от развития украинских некоммерческих организаций. В процессе исследования использован корреляционный анализ для выявления связи между общим объемом ВВП, ВВП на душу населения и ВВП некоммерческих организаций, обслуживающих домашние хозяйства. Проанализировано влияние некоммерческого сектора на развитие общества. Рассчитаны коэффициент корреляции между Индексом человеческого развития и валовой прибылью некоммерческих организаций, а также средние минимальные расходы некоммерческого сектора Украины на человеческое развитие, необходимые для его максимизации.The economic importance of non-profit sector is studied in the article. The state and dynamics of the world’s non-profit sector and nonprofits in Ukraine are analyzed. The dependence of the entire economic system on the development of Ukrainian non-profit organizations is empirically proven. Correlation analysis to identify the relationship between the total volume of GDP, GDP per capita and GDP of non-profit institutions serving households is used. The non-profit sector impact on the human development is analyzed. The coefficient of correlation between the Human Development Index and gross profit of nonprofits and also the average minimum costs of the nonprofit sector in Ukraine on human development in order to his maximize are calculated

Development of human locomotion

Neural control of locomotion in human adults involves the generation of a small set of basic patterned commands directed to the leg muscles. The commands are generated sequentially in time during each step by neural networks located in the spinal cord, called Central Pattern Generators. This review outlines recent advances in understanding how motor commands are expressed at different stages of human development. Similar commands are found in several other vertebrates, indicating that locomotion development follows common principles of organization of the control networks. Movements show a high degree of flexibility at all stages of development, which is instrumental for learning and exploration of variable interactions with the environment

Parameter studies on optimal absorption and electrophoretic resonances in lossy media

This paper summarizes and elaborates on some new results on the optimal absorption in small spherical suspensions based on electrophoretic (plasmonic) resonances and lossy surrounding media. The main application here is to study the physical limitations for radio frequency absorption in gold nanoparticle (GNP) suspensions and its potential to achieve GNP targeted hyperthermia in cancer therapy. Numerical parameter studies are included to demonstrate the analysis approach

Integral functions of electron lateral distribution and their fluctuations in electron-photon cascades

Monte Carlo simulated lateral distribution functions for electrons of EPC developing in lead, at superhigh energies (.1-1 PeV) for depths t or = 60 c.u. delta t=1t. c.u. are presented. The higher moment characteristics, i.e., variation, asymmetry, excess, are presented along with analytical solutions for the same characteristics at fixed observation level calculated to theory approximations A and B by using numerical inversion of the Laplace transformation. The conclusion is made of a complex, usually non-Gaussian shape of the function of the particle number distribution within a circle of given radius at fixed depth

On the physical limitations for radio frequency absorption in gold nanoparticle suspensions

This paper presents a study of the physical limitations for radio frequency absorption in gold nanoparticle (GNP) suspensions. A spherical geometry is considered consisting of a spherical suspension of colloidal GNPs characterized as an arbitrary passive dielectric material which is immersed in an arbitrary lossy medium. A relative heating coefficient and a corresponding optimal near field excitation are defined taking the skin effect of the surrounding medium into account. The classical Mie theory for lossy media is also revisited, and it is shown that the optimal permittivity function yielding a maximal absorption inside the spherical suspension is a conjugate match with respect to the surrounding lossy material. A convex optimization approach is used to investigate the broadband realizability of an arbitrary passive material to approximate the desired conjugate match over a finite bandwidth, similar to the approximation of a metamaterial. A narrowband realizability study shows that for a surrounding medium consisting of a weak electrolyte solution, the electromagnetic heating due to the electrophoretic (plasmonic) resonance phenomena inside the spherical GNP suspension can be significant in the microwave regime, provided that the related Drude parameters can be tuned into (or near to) resonance. As a demonstration, some realistic Drude parameters are investigated concerning the volume fraction, mass, and friction constant of the GNPs. The amount of charge that can be accommodated by the GNPs is identified as one of the most important design parameters. However, the problem to reliably model, measure and control the charge number of coated GNPs is not yet fully understood, and is still an open research issue in this field. The presented theory and related physical limitations provide a useful framework for further research in this direction. Future research is also aiming at an expansion towards arbitrary suspension geometries and the inclusion of thermodynamical analysis

Humans running in place on water at simulated reduced gravity

On Earth only a few legged species, such as water strider insects, some aquatic birds and lizards, can run on water. For most other species, including humans, this is precluded by body size and proportions, lack of appropriate appendages, and limited muscle power. However, if gravity is reduced to less than Earth's gravity, running on water should require less muscle power. Here we use a hydrodynamic model to predict the gravity levels at which humans should be able to run on water. We test these predictions in the laboratory using a reduced gravity simulator

Comparative and legal study of the concept of crime under legislation of cis countries

This article analyzes the concept of crime under the criminal law of CIS countries, and reveals the specifics of the signs that make up this concept. The present study is based on the features that are most often found in the legislation of CIS countrie

Development of Encryption Algorithm Based on the Algorithms of Rubik's Cube

The article deals with the design of encryption algorithm based on Rubik's cube algorithms. A generalized algorithm for solving the problem is presented